Thursday, 20 February 2025

Beginners guide to taking your first milky way photograph - 4 Composition

 Beginners guide to taking your first milky way photograph – 4

This is the fourth blog in a series of posts in which I share what I am learning on my ‘journey’ towards obtaining a good milky way night time image. In my second year chasing down this aspiration, last year was dabbling and learning lots. This year, I want to ‘nail’ one or two good milky way landscape images. It’s a mission! Whether I can deliver on it or not is a moot point though!

If you have just arrived at this page, you may want to go back and read the first three posts in this series before reading this one. They sort of follow a logical order.

 

A single image exposure with some foreground light painting
My first effort at light painting
After reading the post, come back and re-examine this photo
Did I try to follow any of the compositional tips I outline below, and to what success, if any? 

This blog post series shares what I have learned thus far to help encourage those of you seeking your first milky way image. Remember I am still at the very beginning of my learning journey. I am no expert. I claim no expertise in any way at all. A complete novice in photography and astrophotography. This entire blog is written from that perspective – a chronicle of my learning journey written by a beginner for other beginners. I know very little about anything frankly but therein lies the attraction. If I can do it with my very limited knowledge – then so can you; and probably better, as I am a rather slow learner at the best of times.

As always, if I have made any mistakes in my posts, I apologise. Please drop me a comment highlighting the issue and I will correct it immediately.

Please note: I will not be going into huge depth about how things work and why we do things the way we do. I’m not dismissing the importance of having a theoretical understanding – its critical – I’m just saying it’s not the focus of these blog posts. My aim, is to just get you out there, obtaining a first milky way image.

 

To help you achieve this, I will outline some simple answers to these questions:

1.            What equipment do we need?

2.            What advanced planning is needed to ensure success on the night?

3.            What base settings can we use to help us get success?

4.            What foreground composition considerations do we need to make?

5.            What are the different techniques for getting a milky way photograph?

6.            What do we need to consider if we want to do a milky way selfie shot?

7.            How can we improve our milky way photography skills?

8.            What is a ‘beginner’ workflow for post editing our milky way photographs? 

 

Our fourth question then - What foreground composition considerations do we need to make?

This is the one area I am hopeless at. Knowing the theory is one thing – remembering to put it all into practice on a night session – is completely something else. I just don’t seem to remember it all! Maybe I need a simple check list. If you have been following this blog – you will know I like check lists!

What I do know, from quick internet image searches, is that the Milky Way is a fantastic subject for a night time landscape photograph, as long as some basic compositional thinking has been applied!

So, in no particular order, here are my tips for getting a good foreground composition on the night.  This works for both single exposure images and for dual image shots – where you shoot the sky and the foreground separately and blend together later in post editing.

Before we look at the list of tips – when do we take a separate foreground shot during our shooting session?

I personally try during blue hour just before twilight ends and darkness begins. But, I have also done them when its been really dark. I tend to do my foreground shots first and then any separate night shots immediately afterwards – but that is just me.

The other thing I would emphasis at this point is this – find your compositions during day light hours! I talk more about this in my ‘planning post’ -  what I do know is that your choice of foreground composition will make or break your final image and it is easier to find a good composition in the day time than in the dark! From foreground to background will be in view and easily seen; you can align features in the landscape more easily; and most importantly for me seeking milky way compositions – I must be looking for things in a southerly direction, for that is where the Milky Way will be in my northern hemisphere sky.

Watching a lot of videos by Peter Zelinka, ‘Nightscape Images’ and Alyn Wallace, I have always been struck by one thing. They are all very clear that your nightscape image should tell a story and pull a viewer into the scene.

 

What factors do I consider before deciding on a final composition?

·        What is the rationale/target audience for the photo? What is the story I am trying to tell?

·        Which way is the Milky Way orientated? (Vertically – then great for vertical compositions; low in the sky and in an arc – then great for a horizontal composition). 

·        What is the subject/context of the shot – how does it connect celestial sky with terrestrial ground?

·        How can I use a milky way orientation to enhance a particular night-time landscape shot? Is there a particular foreground location that will enhance my focus on the Milky Way?

Here I focus firstly on the nature of the terrain – Valley sides? Cliff lines? Rolling hills? Having decided on the ‘framing’ I then focus on what is the potential horizon line like; what details are there in the mid and immediate foreground? At this point, I am moving around a little seeing what features I can use and align.

·        What does night AR show me in PhotoPills at possible milky way shoot locations? (see my previous post on planning)

·        Is the scene truly dark? Will it require any light painting? (topic for a later post when I have tried some this season) How much light pollution is there and how will that affect any shots?

·        Will I go for a single exposure shot; separate sky and foreground shots; stacked shots of sky and foreground; use a tracker?

·        Is depth-of-field important– if so, will I need to do focus stacking? (see previous blog post)

·         Will there be any movement in the composition e.g tides, tall grasses, tree branch movement in wind etc?

·        Do I want to do a milky way selfie shot? (me in the landscape looking at the Milky Way)



Here then, are my foreground composition tips:  You are NOT trying to get all of these tips in one photograph! As a beginner, I found just trying to get one or two things right in a photo is a good start – baby steps and little experiences – and build on those. There again, I am coming from a low base – I am, bluntly, ‘a spray and pray’ photographer – take loads and hope one comes out OK! Appalling confession! Sorry!

 

·        Have a focal point for your photographs – the milky way and then a particular foreground/landscape element which will draw a viewer into your photograph. Someone told me to imagine I was standing in front of a stage on which a story was going to unfold about the landscape in front of me – what elements in the landscape would I need to include in order for the ‘landscape story’ to be understood visually?

·        use leading lines in the foreground to create a flow in the picture - back to the milky way in the sky e.g. road/path/track, wall/fence/hedgerow, river/stream etc. Leading lines create a sense of depth in the image. They catch your eye and lead you to something in the image – the Milky Way in our case. They might pass an interesting object on the way!  Combine them with a vanishing point, where such features disappear into the background. Don’t let the leading line/edges lead the eye out of the frame!

·        Have your rule-of-thirds grid switched on in your LCD rear screen and use it to place foreground objects/focal points/leading lines – the horizon on one of the horizontals; foreground objects on the vertical lines at intersection points with horizontal lines. Leading lines within the thirds etc.

·        Get some of your foreground interest objects to break the horizon line. (Good foreground objects to seek out include: rocky outcrops, old buildings, old machinery, fence posts etc; mid foreground objects – trees) Create a sense of space (negative space) around central foreground objects in your scene. Shoot foreground objects at an angle.

·        Have something in the landscape framing either side of your milky way element

·        Aim for some symmetry and balance vertically and/or horizontally in your image i.e. Use the grid to help you equally distribute your foreground elements so that they are pleasing to view.  Too many elements on one side may leave a viewer thinking the picture is over-weighted one side, empty on the opposite side etc.

·        Ensure that as much of your landscape is in focus as possible – see previous blog post about planning – focus stacking and hyperfocal distance  

·        Keep tripod lowish to ground and level – use camera ‘spirit level’ tool to get horizontal horizon line – good for getting reflection of stars in calm pools and lakes.

·        Keep all of your landscape elements within the frame – don’t let them get cut off at the edges – this is back to the earlier point about creating space around foreground elements – breathing room. So don’t cut off mountain ranges in the distant horizon; or a good rocky outcrop in the very near foreground of a beach scene; or the wild flowers on a cliff top shot along a cliff line back to the arcing milky way.

·        If there is moon light present – if moon is partial and low in the sky – keep it to side or behind you when shooting and use higher F-stop for greater depth or field or reduce shutter speed


I hope that these tips will give you something to aim for when taking your first milky way shot.  If you have any further tips then drop them in a comment box below so we can learn some more.  In the meantime, have fun, stay safe, clear skies and good luck. 


Steve 


Some homework
Analyse the photographs above, some of my first efforts, and from just a compositional viewpoint, analyse what I could have done to improve the compositional framing
Milky Way over Mesa Verde Lodge in USA

No comments:

Post a Comment